NAPLAN(National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy)就是澳大利亚全国统考。是全澳范围内所有公校私校的3、5、7、9年级学生,必须参加的全国性统一考试。
NAPLAN考试内容 #
Naplan考试包括四项内容:
- Language conventions语言规范(spelling拼写、grammar语法、punctuation标点符号),
- Writing写作,
- Reading阅读,
- Numeracy计算能力。
一般而言,华人家庭的孩子计算能力都很好,语法Grammar、阅读reading、标点符号punctuation的成绩也都不错,但是writing写作是很多华人孩子的短板,受文化背景、父母语言水平等的限制,写作部分最难拿到outstanding,甚至不少孩子还没有达到average水平。
工欲善其事,必先利其器。要想提高孩子的写作能力,先要了解下写作考核的内容。
NAPLAN写作分为:
- Narrative Writing(叙述文)
- Persuasive Writing(议论文)
二选一,满分为48分。
Narrative就是叙述性essay,也就是记叙文,Persuasive就是辩论性的观点论文,也就是议论文,如图片所示,和雅思考试有点像。
NAPLAN写作成绩 #
Naplan的成绩单,根据band水平依次对准的分数,可以看到孩子写作考了多少分。如下图所示,Year 3的学生成绩范围是band 1-band 6。透明条形带位band6,代表学校中间60%的三年级学生的成绩范围。黑色三角形为band4,为全澳洲三年级学生的平均成绩。黑色圆点为该考生的成绩位于顶端蓝色三角,表明成绩高于Band 10,该学生处于全澳的TOP10%。NAPLAN成绩达到这个位置的学生,一般才有实力申请公校精英班和私校奖学金。
评分标准 #
这里总结了叙事性和议论文写作的评分标准,如下表所示。
叙事文评分标准 #
Marking criterion | Description of narrative writing marking criterion |
---|---|
Audience | The writer’s capacity to orient, engage and affect the reader |
Text structure | The organisation of narrative features including orientation, complication and resolution into an appropriate and effective text structure |
Ideas | The creation, selection and crafting of ideas for a narrative |
Character and setting | Character: The portrayal and development of character Setting: The development of a sense of place, time and atmosphere |
Vocabulary | The range and precision of contextually appropriate language choices |
Cohesion | The control of multiple threads and relationships across the text, achieved through the use of grammatical elements (referring words, text connectives, conjunctions) and lexical elements (substitutions, repetitions, word associations) |
Paragraphing | The segmenting of text into paragraphs that assists the reader to negotiate the narrative |
Sentence structure | The production of grammatically correct, structurally sound and meaningful sentences |
Punctuation | The use of correct and appropriate punctuation to aid the reading of the text |
Spelling | The accuracy of spelling and the difficulty of the words used |
议论文评分标准 #
Marking criterion | Description of persuasive writing marking criterion |
---|---|
Audience | The writer’s capacity to orient, engage and persuade the reader |
Text structure | The organisation of the structural components of a persuasive text (introduction, body and conclusion) into an appropriate and effective text structure |
Ideas | The selection, relevance and elaboration of ideas for a persuasive argument |
Persuasive devices | The use of a range of persuasive devices to enhance the writer’s position and persuade the reader |
Vocabulary | The range and precision of contextually appropriate language choices |
Cohesion | The control of multiple threads and relationships across the text, achieved through the use of grammatical elements (referring words, text connectives, conjunctions) and lexical elements (substitutions, repetitions, word associations) |
Paragraphing | The segmenting of text into paragraphs that assists the reader to follow the line of argument |
Sentence structure | The production of grammatically correct, structurally sound and meaningful sentences |
Punctuation | The use of correct and appropriate punctuation to aid the reading of the text |
Spelling | The accuracy of spelling and the difficulty of the words used |
以下是一篇School为题目的Narrative Writing的例文:
参考评分标准,这边例文的得分如下:
如何提高写作 #
很多华人家庭都很苦恼如何提高孩子的写作能力,因为写作能力是个综合能力,不是靠突击可以一蹴而就的。即使找老师辅导,也提高的有限。其实写作最根本要打好基础,写作水平较差的孩子建议从一年级开始就开始练习,比如如何make sentence structure,how to start sentence,如图片所示,这些内容在Youtube上都有视频教,可以自行去学习。写作只有打好了基础才能循序渐进渐入佳境,包括积累形容词和副词、高级词汇。